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Agent Skills 8 min read

Agent Skills with Google Gemini: Function Calling Guide

Complete guide to Gemini function calling — define tools, handle function_call responses, return results, and compare syntax with Claude and OpenAI. Node.js.

Vishnu Damwala
Agent Skills 8 min read

Vercel AI SDK Tools: One API for Claude and OpenAI Skills

Vercel AI SDK's unified tool interface works with Claude, OpenAI, and Gemini. Write your skill once and switch AI providers without rewriting the agent loop.

Vishnu Damwala
Agent Skills 8 min read

Build a GitHub Issue Creator Skill for Your AI Agent

Create a production-ready agent skill that creates GitHub issues from natural language, with label assignment, duplicate detection, and dry-run mode.

Vishnu Damwala
Agent Skills 8 min read

Chaining Agent Skills: Research, Summarize, and Save

Build a skill chain where an agent searches the web, summarizes findings, and saves results to a file — all from a single prompt. Full Node.js walkthrough.

Vishnu Damwala
Agent Skills 10 min read

File System Skills: Let Your Agent Read and Write Files

Build safe file system skills that let an agent read, write, and list files — with path sandboxing, size limits, and guardrails to prevent runaway writes.

Vishnu Damwala
Agent Skills 9 min read

Agent Skills with Memory: Persisting State Between Chats

Teach your agent to remember across conversations. Build read/write memory skills backed by a JSON file, then upgrade to SQLite — full Node.js code.

Vishnu Damwala
Agent Skills 9 min read

Testing and Debugging Agent Skills Before You Deploy

Skills that work alone fail differently inside an agent loop. Unit test your tools, mock AI calls, and debug the full tool_use cycle in Node.js.

Vishnu Damwala
Agent Skills 10 min read

Handling Errors in Agent Skills: Retries and Fallbacks

What happens when a tool fails? Handle errors in agent skills — timeouts, bad API responses, retries, and graceful fallbacks with real Node.js code.

Vishnu Damwala
OpenAI 7 min read

Agent Skills with the OpenAI API: Function Calling Explained

How to use OpenAI function calling with gpt-4o — define functions, handle tool_calls in responses, execute your code, and return results. Full Node.js working example.

Vishnu Damwala
Claude 8 min read

Agent Skills with the Claude API: tool_use From Scratch

Learn how to give Claude tools using the Anthropic API — define tools, handle tool_use responses, execute functions, and return results. Full Node.js working example.

Vishnu Damwala
OpenClaw 8 min read

Build Your First Agent Skill for OpenClaw (Step-by-Step)

Learn how to create a custom OpenClaw skill using SKILL.md — from a simple weather lookup to a database query. Real code, real scenarios, no fluff.

Vishnu Damwala
OpenClaw 6 min read

How to Install OpenClaw on Ubuntu, macOS, and Windows (2026 Guide)

Step-by-step guide to install OpenClaw on Ubuntu, macOS, and Windows — including Node.js setup, openclaw init walkthrough, API key configuration, and common error fixes.

Vishnu Damwala
OpenClaw 6 min read

OpenClaw Tutorial: Build Your First AI Agent in 15 Minutes

Build your first OpenClaw agent from scratch — connect Telegram, configure a heartbeat schedule, set up memory, and swap LLMs. A complete hands-on walkthrough with real scenarios.

Vishnu Damwala
OpenClaw 8 min read

How OpenClaw Memory Works (And Why Your Data Never Leaves Your Machine)

OpenClaw stores your AI agent's memory as plain Markdown files on your machine — no cloud sync, no third-party servers. Here's exactly how it works and how to back it up.

Vishnu Damwala
OpenClaw 6 min read

OpenClaw Integrations: Connect WhatsApp, Telegram, Slack and More

Step-by-step guide to connecting OpenClaw to Telegram, WhatsApp, Slack, and Discord — including bot token setup, voice mode config, multi-platform routing, and privacy notes.

Vishnu Damwala
OpenClaw 6 min read

OpenClaw Multi-Agent Setup: Make Your Agents Talk to Each Other

Learn how to build OpenClaw multi-agent pipelines using ACP — connect a research agent, writer agent, and publisher agent so they work together autonomously overnight.

Vishnu Damwala
AI 5 min read

How to Add Claude to Your App Using the Anthropic API

A practical guide to integrating Claude into your app with the Anthropic SDK — from first call to streaming, context management, and common usage patterns.

Vishnu Damwala
AI 5 min read

How to Write Your First Claude Code Skill (SKILL.md Guide)

A hands-on tutorial to create a working Claude Code skill using SKILL.md — build a /smart-commit skill that runs checks, writes a message, and commits in one command.

Vishnu Damwala
AI 4 min read

Build Your First MCP Server for Claude in 15 Minutes

A step-by-step tutorial to scaffold a minimal MCP server in TypeScript, expose a tool, and connect it to Claude. The fastest path from zero to a working integration.

Vishnu Damwala
Python 4 min read

Python Arithmetic Operators: A Complete Guide for Beginners

Master Python arithmetic operators with this comprehensive guide. Learn addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, floor division, modulo, and exponentiation with clear examples and emojis! 🚀

Vishnu Damwala
Python 3 min read

Python Comparison Operators: Mastering Equality in Python

Learn how to compare values in Python using comparison operators like == and !=. Explore equality checking with clear code examples, use cases with if-statements, and fun emojis! ⚖️

Vishnu Damwala
Python 3 min read

Python Relational Operators: Comparing Values Like a Pro

Understand Python relational operators (<, <=, >, >=) to compare numeric values and variables. Master boolean logic with clear code examples and vibrant emojis! 📊

Vishnu Damwala
Python 3 min read

Python Ternary Operator: Writing Cleaner if-else in One Line

Discover the Python ternary operator, the elegant one-liner for if-else statements. Learn the syntax, see practical examples, and understand when to use it for cleaner code! ⚡

Vishnu Damwala
Java 2 min read

Java - Relational Operators

Java - Relational Operators

Vishnu Damwala
Java 2 min read

Java - Comparison Operators

Java provides operators that can be used to compare values or values within variables. As the name implies both `==` and `!=` are used for Comparison.

Vishnu Damwala
Java 3 min read

Java - Arithmetic Operators

Java - Arithmetic Operators

Vishnu Damwala
MongoDB 3 min read

Introduction to MongoDB

An introductory guide to MongoDB, the popular NoSQL document-oriented database. Learn about its core architecture—databases, documents, and collections—and see how it compares to MySQL for high-volume data storage.

Hinal Acharya
JAVA 5 min read

Introduction to JAVA

Java is a high-level general programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Java runs on more than 5.5billion devices that quite huge.

Vishnu Damwala
Laravel 2 min read

How to update a record without updating timestamp in Laravel

In this article, we will see How to update record without saving or updating timestamp fields either `updated_at` or any other custom field. Laravel provides us functionality to handle timestamp update while saving model. Assigning `false` to `timestamps` property of model during model save, prevents auto update of timestamp fields.

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 3 min read

PHP Interview Questions

This tutorial explains with syntax and an example of how to flatten a multi-dimensional array based on the value of depth specified in the Laravel framework.

Vishnu Damwala
MySQL 3 min read

MySQL - List all Databases

In this article, you will see how to retrieve list of databases with MySQL.

Vishnu Damwala
SQL 3 min read

Introduction to SQL

In this article we look into intro about SQL aka **Structured Query Language**. Used by numerous big giant tech companies & by widely popular applications.

Vishnu Damwala
Dart 2 min read

Dart - Comments

A comprehensive guide to using comments in Dart and Flutter. Learn about single-line, multi-line, and documentation comments to make your code more readable and maintainable.

Vishnu Damwala
Python 2 min read

Display the multiplication table in Python

A simple Python program to generate the multiplication table for any given number using loops. Perfect for beginners to practice basic Python syntax and iterative logic.

Vishnu Damwala
Dart 2 min read

Get Dart Version via Command Line

This article, guide you through the retrieval of Dart version via command line.

Vishnu Damwala
Dart 1 min read

Dart - Semicolons

Understand why semicolons are mandatory in Dart and how they are used to terminate statements. A must-read for developers transitioning to Flutter from semicolon-optional languages.

Vishnu Damwala
Python 1 min read

Generate a Random number in Python

Learn how to generate random integers and floating-point numbers in Python using the standard `random` library. This tutorial covers the `randint()` and `random()` functions with practical code examples.

Vishnu Damwala
Python 2 min read

How to check if a variable is an integer in Python

A quick guide on how to check if a variable is of integer type in Python using the `type()` and `isinstance()` functions. Essential for data validation and type-safe programming.

Vishnu Damwala
Python 3 min read

Swapping Variable Values in Python

Discover multiple ways to swap the values of two variables in Python, including the elegant tuple unpacking method and the traditional third-variable approach.

Vishnu Damwala
Python 2 min read

Get Python Version via Command Line

This article, guide you through the retrieval of Python version via command line.

Vishnu Damwala
Program 1 min read

Find the length of a string using len() function in Python

In this article, we explain a way to find length of a string using built-in len() function, for e.g, length of "Earth is a beautiful planet in Solar System" is 43 (including space).

Vishnu Damwala
Python 1 min read

Program to Print Hello, World! in Python

Program to Print Hello, World! in Python

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 2 min read

PHP - Ternary Operator

PHP - Ternary Operator

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 2 min read

An Intro to HTML <address> Tag

The semantic <strong>HTML <code>&lt;address&gt;</code> element</strong> indicates that the enclosed HTML provides contact information for a person or people or an organization of a document or an article representing document or an article.

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 3 min read

Get Last Array Element in PHP and Laravel

This article, guide you through the retrieval of last array element in different ways in Laravel and also in PHP.

Vishnu Damwala
Markdown 2 min read

Links in Markdown

The Markdown language supports creating different types of links including internal & external. In this article you will see how to create different links as per your need. The text enclosed within `[]` and link within `()` to create link.

Hinal Acharya
Linux 3 min read

Create directories or folders in Linux with mkdir command

The `mkdir` command comes handy to make one or more directories aka folders in Linux system. This article shows the basic usage of mkdir command with examples.

Vishnu Damwala
Markdown 3 min read

List in Markdown

The Markdown language supports creating different types of list with different types of bullets. In this article we will see how to create ordered and unordered list as per need. Use `-` to create unordered list and `1` for ordered at the start of lines.

Hinal Acharya
PHP 1 min read

Create collection instance for given array in Laravel

This tutorial explains with syntax and an example of how to create a collection instance from provided array with Laravel collect() helper method in the framework.

Vishnu Damwala
Markdown 2 min read

Emphasis in Markdown

The Markdown language supports creating different level of heading styles. In this article we will see how to create different headings as per need. Use `#` to create heading at the start of lines.

Vishnu Damwala
Markdown 3 min read

Headings in Markdown

The Markdown language supports creating different level of heading styles. In this article we will see how to create different headings as per need. Use `#` to create heading at the start of lines.

Hinal Acharya
Laravel 2 min read

Get Last 30 Days Records in Laravel

This article, guide you through the usage of Carbon for retrieving records for last 30 days in Laravel.

Vishnu Damwala
Python 1 min read

Python Introduction

An introduction to Python programming language, its features and why you should learn it.

Vishnu Damwala
Laravel 1 min read

Laravel's Eloquent whereTime() filtering method

This article, guide you through the usage of Laravel's Eloquent `whereTime()` method. It is used to match a field value against a specific time.

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 1 min read

Convert array to an object in JavaScript

This article explains simplest and quickest way to convert array to an object in JavaScript. Using widely accepted spread operator `...` makes easy to do it.

Vishnu Damwala
Dart 2 min read

Dart - Relational Operators

Dart - Relational Operators

Vishnu Damwala
Laravel 1 min read

Laravel's Eloquent whereDate() filtering method

This article, guide you through the usage of Laravel's Eloquent `whereDate()` method. It is used to match a field value against a specific date.

Vishnu Damwala
Linux 3 min read

Linux commands to find IP address of a website

Even wondering how to find an IP address of a website in Linux? This article shows the usage of command line utilities to get IP address and other details.

Vishnu Damwala
Laravel 2 min read

Laravel's firstOrCreate Model Method

In this article, we will see Laravel's `firstOrCreate()` model method and how it provides you first instance from table if exists or create new table records if does not exists. You don't need to explicitly save like `firstOrNew()`.

Vishnu Damwala
Laravel 2 min read

Laravel's firstOrNew Model Method

In this article, we will see Laravel's `firstOrNew()` model method and how it is useful. It provides you first instance from table if exists or create new model instance. You need to explicitly save model instance.

Vishnu Damwala
Dart 2 min read

Dart - Comparison Operators

Dart - Comparison Operators

Vishnu Damwala
Dart 2 min read

Dart - Arithmetic Operators

Dart - Arithmetic Operators

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 1 min read

JavaScript, How to update an array element

This article explains simplest way to update value of an array element. Updating an array element is just like assigning a new value to variable using an assignment operator.

Vishnu Damwala
JavaScript 2 min read

Flatten an Array One Level Deep in Javascript

This article explains to flatten an array one level deep in javascript comparing with lodash _.flatten method.

Vishnu Damwala
JavaScript 2 min read

Identify whether device is a mobile or desktop

This article explains to flatten an array one level deep in javascript comparing with lodash _.flatten method.

Vishnu Damwala
Linux 2 min read

Linux command: dirname

The `dirname` command comes handy to retrieve path where the file is saved. This article shows the usage of dirname command with example.

Vishnu Damwala
Dart 2 min read

How to find the length of a list in Dart

The `length` property is one of the easiest ways to find the length of list in Dart. This is the most conventional technique adopted by all programmers.

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 2 min read

Show or Hide Absolute Line Numbers in Vim Editor

Get stored data with localForage an open-source JavaScript library that refines the experience of saving data to web browser databases.

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 2 min read

Get Data From Browser Database Stored With Localforage

Get stored data with localForage an open-source JavaScript library that refines the experience of saving data to web browser databases.

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 2 min read

Save Data To Offline Storage With Localforage

localForage an open-source JavaScript library that refines the experience of saving data to web browser databases like `localStorage`.

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 3 min read

Form Validation For Allowing Only Past Date Or Date Before Today

This tutorial explains with syntax and an example of how to flatten a multi-dimensional array based on the value of depth specified in the Laravel framework.

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 3 min read

Flatten Array using Arr::flatten() in Laravel

This tutorial explains with syntax and an example of how to flatten a multi-dimensional array based on the value of depth specified in the Laravel framework.

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 1 min read

An Intro to HTML <kbd> Tag

Use the HTML kbd semantic tag instead of code tag to denote our text as a keyboard input. Great for preparing documentations...

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 1 min read

How To Reset An HTML Form With JavaScript

JavaScript allows us to programmatically reset an HTML form. This tutorial explains with an example of how to do it with vanilla or pure JavaScript.

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 2 min read

How To Move Record From One Table To Another In Laravel

This tutorial explains with an example of how to move a record from one database table to another in PHP Laravel framework.

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 2 min read

How To remove elements from array collection In Laravel

This tutorial explains with syntax and example how we can move records from one table to another collection in PHP Laravel framework

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 2 min read

How To Drop Composite Indexes With Migration In Laravel

This tutorial explains how to create and drop composite keys with migration in PHP Laravel framework with syntax and example

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 2 min read

How To Create Composite Indexes With Migration In Laravel

This tutorial explains how to create composite keys with migration in PHP Laravel framework with syntax and example

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 2 min read

Ways to declare unsigned columns in the Laravel migrations

Laravel allows developers to declare unsigned columns in different ways. As it's required to handle the relationship between tables by just associating models with each other.

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 2 min read

How to bind URL parameter to model in Laravel

How to bind URL parameter to model in Laravel

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 2 min read

How To Create Indexes With Migration In Laravel

How To Create Indexes With Migration In Laravel

Vishnu Damwala
HTML 2 min read

How to create collapsible content using HTML5 details tag

How to create collapsible content using HTML5 details tag

Vishnu Damwala
Laravel 1 min read

How To Change Model Default Timestamps Column Names In Laravel

How To Change Model Default Timestamps Column Names In Laravel

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 1 min read

How to build query string from an array with http_build_query in PHP

How to build query string from an array with http_build_query in PHP

Vishnu Damwala
JavaScript 1 min read

Short Circuit Conditionals With Logical OR(||) Operator - JavaScript

Short Circuit Conditionals With Logical OR(||) Operator - JavaScript

Vishnu Damwala
JavaScript 1 min read

Short Circuit Conditionals With Logical AND(&&) Operator - JavaScript

Short Circuit Conditionals With Logical AND(&&) Operator - JavaScript

Vishnu Damwala
JavaScript 1 min read

How to add an element to ending of an array with ES6

How to add an element to ending of an array with ES6

Vishnu Damwala
JavaScript 1 min read

How to add an element to starting of an array with ES6

How to add an element to starting of an array with ES6

Vishnu Damwala
JavaScript 3 min read

Difference between undefined, null and undeclared in JavaScript

Understand the subtle yet important differences between undefined, null, and undeclared variables in JavaScript with practical examples and best practices.

Vishnu Damwala
JavaScript 2 min read

What's the difference between a method and a function?

Understand the subtle yet important difference between a method and a function in JavaScript. Learn how context and object association define these two core programming concepts.

Vishnu Damwala
JavaScript 2 min read

How to Convert Canvas to an Image using JavaScript

In this tutorial we will see how to prepare an image from HTML canvas element

Vishnu Damwala
DevTools 1 min read

How to open a Command Menu in Chromium based browsers such as Google Chrome

A guide on how to open the Command Menu, run commands, see other actions, and more.

Vishnu Damwala
Program 2 min read

Program for Collatz Conjecture in JavaScript

The Collatz Conjecture also known as 3n + 1 conjecture is an eventually one of the unsolved problem in mathematics

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 4 min read

Assignment operators in C

A tutorial showing the usage of assignment operators in C

Vishnu Damwala
Program 4 min read

JavaScript - String split() function

A tutorial showing the usage of split() function in JavaScript

Vishnu Damwala
DevTools 2 min read

Chrome 80 brings support for let and class re-declarations in the Console

Re-declarations of let and class keyword are now allowed in console in Chrome 80 makes debugging more developer friendly

Vishnu Damwala
SQL 2 min read

SQL - CREATE TABLE Statement

A tutorial for creating database table with SQL

Vishnu Damwala
Program 2 min read

How to find the length of a string using strlen() in C

C program to find length of a string, for e.g, length of "East or West INDIA is best" is 26 (including space and excluding null character).

Vishnu Damwala
Program 1 min read

Convert hexadecimal color to rgb or rgba in php

Convert hexadecimal color to rgb or rgba in php

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 2 min read

Get Array of IDs from Eloquent Collection in Laravel

Get an array of ids from Eloquent collection in Laravel using pluck() and modelKeys() function

Vishnu Damwala
DevTools 2 min read

Refresh browser window whenever file changes are saved

A quick guide for configuring auto-reload browser window whenever file changes are saved.

Vishnu Damwala
Tutorial 1 min read

indexOf() Method in Javascript

JavaScript array indexOf() method returns the index of first occurrence at which a given element can be found in the array, or -1 if it is not present

Parimal Ghadiyali
PHP 3 min read

How to find the array index key of multi-dimensional array

How to find the array index key of multi-dimensional array

Vishnu Damwala
PHP 3 min read

How to Get Values from Multi-dimensional Arrays with array_column()

array_column() is an inbuilt PHP function which is used to get the values from a single column from the multi-dimensional array or an array of objects.

Vishnu Damwala